膜联蛋白B1在猪囊尾蚴免疫逃避作用的研究进展

膜联蛋白是一类有效的内源性调节蛋白,在Ca²⁺存在的条件下与膜磷脂结合,参与细胞活动的多种功能,其与肿瘤发生、自身免疫性疾病、病毒和寄生虫感染等密切相关。作为膜联蛋白家族成员Annexin B1具有独特的氨基酸残基结构,与不同种属的寄生虫入侵特异性宿主密切相关。本文主要阐述了膜联蛋白的种类及膜联蛋白B1在猪囊尾蚴感染宿主机体过程中免疫逃避的作用,旨在探索其猪囊尾蚴感染的免疫逃避机制。深入对膜联蛋白B1和囊尾蚴之间相互关系的进一步了解,以及膜联蛋白B1在寄生虫免疫中更深入的研究,对寄生虫免疫逃避的生物学意义和寄生虫病诊断治疗提供了相关的策略。     

复方中草药添加剂对稻鸭共作模式下成都麻鸭生理效应的影响研究

为研究复方中草药添加剂对稻鸭共作模式下成都麻鸭生长性能、血清生化指标、抗氧化指标及免疫指标的影响,试验选取体重相近、体况健康的15日龄成都麻鸭240只,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复12只。4组为对照组饲喂基础饲粮;试验1、2、3组在基础饲粮中按照质量比分别添加0.5%(低剂量组)、1%(中剂量组)、2%(高剂量组)的复方中草药,试验期90 d。结果显示:(1)试验1、2、3组的平均日增重分别较对照组提高2.19%、4.34%、4.98%(P<0.05);试验2、3组的料重比分别较对照组降低3.37%、3.63%(P<0.05);(2)试验2组和3组的总蛋白(TP)分别较对照组提高4.20%、6.08%(P<0.05);试验2组和3组的尿素氮(BUN)分别较对照组降低12.72%、16.36%(P<0.05);试验2组和3组的谷草转氨酶(ALT)分别较对照组降低15.84%、19.22%(P<0.05);试验3组的谷丙转氨酶(AST)较对照组降低19.34%(P<0.05);(3)试验2组和3组超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)分别较对照组提高15.80%、20.00%(P<0.05);试验3组的总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)较对照组提高22.37%(P<0.05);(4)三个试验组的IgA、IgM、IgG、IFN-γ、IL-2显著高于对照组(P<0.05),试验2组的肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)较对照组提高10.06%(P<0.05),试验2组和3的组溶菌酶(LZM)分别较对照组提高6.79%、5.66%(P<0.05)。综上,中草药添加剂能有效提高稻鸭共作模式下成都麻鸭的生长性能、血清生化指标、抗氧化指标及免疫指标,本试验条件下,最佳饲喂剂量为1%。     

信息化时代大学生信息素养教育实践研究——以沈阳理工大学图书馆为例

[目的/意义]信息素养是人们在现实生活中就信息应用方面的综合表现,信息素养是大学生必备的基本素质,对其未来发展具有重要意义。[方法/过程]以沈阳理工大学图书馆信息素养教育为例,从大学生教育、教师教学和科研发展等需求多样性出发,开展多元化信息素养教育实践,形成了“课程整合教学—资源系列讲座—学科化服务—营造书香校园”的多层级、系统化信息素养教育体系。[结果/结论]建立一支学科知识齐全的信息素养专职师资队伍,发挥新媒体技术优势,积极开展线上教育新模式,加强与国内外知名大学图书馆交流与协作,引领高校师生信息素养教育沿着正确道路稳步发展。     

Management of yellow dwarf disease in Europe in a post‐neonicotinoid agriculture

Barley/cereal yellow dwarf viruses (YDVs) cause yellow dwarf disease (YDD), which is a continuous risk to cereals production worldwide. These viruses cause leaf yellowing and stunting, resulting in yield reductions of up to 80%. YDVs have been a consistent but low‐level problem in European cereal cultivation for the last three decades, mostly due to the availability of several effective insecticides (largely pyrethroids and more recently neonicotinoids) against aphid vectors. However, this has changed recently, with many insecticides being lost, culminating in a recent European Union (EU) regulation prohibiting outdoor use of the neonicotinoid‐insecticide compounds. This change is coupled with the growing challenge of insecticide‐resistant aphids, the lack of genetic resources against YDVs, and a knowledge deficit around the parameters responsible for the emergence and spread of YDD. This means that economic sustainability of cereal cultivation in several European countries including France and United Kingdom is now again threatened by this aphid‐vectored viral disease. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the YDV pathosystem, describe management options against YDD, analyse the impacts of the neonicotinoid ban in Europe, and consider future strategies to control YDV. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry     

高校专题图书馆建设实践与启示——以深圳大学城图书馆法律研究中心为例

[目的/意义]专题图书馆建设是图书馆事业发展的产物,也是图书馆事业创新的内容,近年来越来越多的专题图书馆纷纷建成,文章通过专题图书馆实证研究,旨在为国内高校图书馆专题图书馆建设提供借鉴。[方法/过程]利用文献调研法、典型案例分析法,在分析国内专题图书馆建设现状的基础上,以深圳大学城图书馆法律研究中心为例,解读其建设背景、实践及特点。[结果/结论]专题图书馆建设有助于促进高校图书馆形成资源及服务的核心竞争力。在专题图书馆建设中,高校图书馆需积极寻求契机,确定主题,注重与外力合作建设,加强宣传引导,构建立体化服务体系。     

Preliminary assessment of large‐scale co‐culture of sandfish (Holothuria scabra) with the Babylon snail (Babylonia areolata) in earthen ponds and in raceways

Holothuria scabra (sandfish) and Babylonia areolata were trialed in two large‐scale co‐culture experiments. Experiment 1 assessed co‐culture in 4 × 400 m² earthen ponds where Babylonia were cultured in a central pen at a density of 400 individuals/m² with sandfish occupying the remaining pond space at 1.1 individuals/m². Sandfish grew from 18.20 ± 6.67 g to 119.03 ± 17.74 g in 92 days and Babylonia (fed trash fish in both experiments) grew from 0.90 ± 0.38 g to 4.93 ± 1.44 g, but Babylonia growth was not increased in co‐culture compared to monoculture. Water and sediment quality varied between co‐culture and monoculture ponds. Neither showed clear improvement due to sandfish culture. Experiment 2 compared non‐segregated sandfish‐Babylonia co‐culture with Babylonia monoculture in 20 m² concrete raceways. Sandfish were cultured at 2 individuals/m² and Babylonia at 300 individuals/m². Sandfish grew up to 1.91 g.day^?1 with 100% survival. Babylonia weight gain was significantly greater in co‐culture raceways (3.35 ± 0.64 g over 61 days), which was double that of Babylonia in monoculture. Substrate total N was reduced by 20% in co‐culture compared with monoculture (p = .032). This provisional study of commercial scale sandfish‐Babylonia co‐culture demonstrates culture compatibility, providing a basis for further system development.     

通往数字人才强国之路：《提升全民数字素养与技能行动纲要》与大学生数字素养教育战略

[目的/意义]提升大学生数字素养对建设数字人才强国具有重要意义。[方法/过程]文章梳理了《提升全民数字素养与技能行动纲要》发布前后的相关政策,分析了《行动纲要》在当前背景下出台的独特作用,认为该文件确定了具有中国特色和国际视野的数字素养概念;关注了创造力提升、特殊群体服务等前沿要求;拓展出生活、工作、学习、创新四大数字场景;围绕重点任务和工程部署了全面行动。[结果/结论]作者认为,对图情档各个理论与实践领域而言,《行动纲要》的影响将是广泛的,但按照信息素养的研究格局和传统,其对大学生数字素养教育的影响或许最为直接和深远,应当尽快针对围绕大学生数字素养教育展开布局和行动。     

Site‐specific management is crucial to managing Mikania micrantha

Increasingly, weeds have been taking on global distributions. With the proliferation of invasive weeds has come the challenge of managing these species over broad geographical regions, with diverse habitats and political jurisdictions. Here, we review the management of Mikania micrantha Kunth (Asteraceae; mile‐a‐minute) throughout its invaded range, extending through most of the Pacific islands and southern and south‐east Asia. Context matters when determining the best course of action for managing M. micrantha, as it has invaded a large variety of agricultural and natural systems. In Queensland, Australia and Florida, USA, M. micrantha has been targeted in relatively successful eradication campaigns, highlighting the importance of early detection and rapid response methods, while elsewhere in its invaded range, populations are either still increasing or showing limited signs of decline. An inter‐regional approach to research and management should incorporate successful management strategies employed throughout the invaded range including, but not limited to, chemical and cultural control practices, manual and mechanical control, classical biological control using the rust fungus Puccinia spegazzinii, plant–plant competition and integrated approaches utilising two or more control methods concurrently. Additional knowledge of M. micrantha genetics is required to determine if management approaches could be fine‐tuned for particular populations. Countries bordering the Mekong River formed a network in 2011 to co‐ordinate the management of invasive species such as M. micrantha. Expanding such a collaborative approach to other regions could further reduce populations of M. micrantha and limit its spread.     

Identifying and Characterizing a Novel Peritrophic Matrix Protein (MdPM-17) Associated With Antibacterial Response From the Housefly,Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae)

Peritrophic matrix/membrane (PM) critically prevents the midgut of insects from external invasion by microbes. The proteins in the peritrophic membrane are its major structural components. Additionally, they determine the formation and function of this membrane. However, the role of PM proteins in immune regulation is unclear. Herein, we isolated a novel PM protein (MdPM-17) from Musca domestica larvae. Further, the function of MdPM-17 in regulating host innate immunity was identified. Results showed that the cDNA of MdPM-17 full is 635 bp in length. Moreover, it consists of a 477-bp open reading frame encoding 158 amino acid residues. These amino acid residues are composed of two Chitin-binding type-2 domain (ChtBD2) and 19 amino acids as a signal peptide. Moreover, tissue distribution analysis indicates that MdPM-17 was enriched expressed in midgut, and moderate levels in the fat body, foregut, and malpighian tubule. Notably, MdPM-17 recombinant protein showed high chitin-binding capacity, thus belongs to the Class III PM protein group. MdPM-17 protein silencing via RNA interference resulted in the expression of antimicrobial peptide (defensin, cecropins, and diptericin) genes, and this occurred after oral inoculation with exogenous microbes Escherichia coli (Enterobacteriales:Enterobacteriaceae), Staphylococcus aureus (Bacillales:Staphylococcaceae), and Candida albicans (Endomycetales:Saccharomycetaceae)). Therefore, all the antimicrobial peptide (AMP) gene expression levels are high in MdPM-17-depleted larvae during microbial infection compared to controls. Consequently, these findings indicate that MdPM-17 protein is associated with the antibacterial response from the housefly.     

Commuting distances to local non‐farm workplaces and out‐migration: The case of Northeast Thailand

The relationship between commuting distances and where people work has been studied for urban contexts in both developed countries and developing countries. However, few studies have examined the situation in rural areas, and none look at commuting distances to non‐farm workplaces in rural areas of developing countries. This paper investigates how commuting distance, and thus accessibility, to local non‐farm work influences non‐farm employment and out‐migration from rural villages in Northeast Thailand. The main issues examined are: (i) the distance that rural residents travel to work in local non‐farm jobs; and (ii) the influence that local non‐farm employment has on the number of outmigrants from rural villages. The study finds: (i) distance between villages and non‐farm work sites impact the number of villagers who are employed in regular wage work; (ii) beyond 20 km villagers are less likely to travel to non‐farm employment using their own means of transportation; and (iii) employment in regular wage work decreases outmigration. The findings from this study contribute to the debates over the drivers of rural out‐migration, rural livelihood changes, and agrarian changes that are taking place in Southeast Asia.